1) Read the text trough to get the general idea. What are the two general types of wedding custom that are referred to in the text.
2) Look through the text again and predict possible ways to complete the gaps.



Ways to Wedded Bliss

For many people their wedding day is the most important planned date in their lives and there are a whole range of symbols and customs associated with it. (0) --J-- is the customs of throwing confetti - a colourful mix of small pieces of paper, sometimes in the form of horseshoes, slippers and hearts. (1)
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The word 'confetti' is derived from the Italian for sweetmeats,
and the practice comes from the Roman tradition of throwing almonds and nuts as fertility symbols. In many countries the wedding guests throw grain - often rice - although increasingly they use a paper substitute. (2)
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The wedding pair represent a new field
from which future generations will grow, and the scattering of seeds encourages a fruitful marriage. However, in some parts of the world there are other reasons for throwing sweet things. (3)
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In Morocco, for example,
raisins, figs and dates are scattered to 'sweeten' the general proceedings. And then again, the Inuit people of North America don't throw sweet things at all, but old shoes as an aid to fertility. (4)
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Many of the rites and customs
associated with weddings were originally designed to protect the bridal couple from evil influences. probably the most universal talisman still in use is the veil. (5)
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It was used as a disguise,
to hide the bride from evil spirits. The Chinese are particularly wary of evil presences during what the see the 'limbo' period, the time from when the bride leaves her house until her arrival at the ceremony, so she travels inside a closed sedan chair. (6)
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Evil spirits are also literally shut out
in some Russian ceremonies in which all the doors, windows and chimneys are sealed to prevent witches entering the wedding.


  1. It was used as a disguise,
  2. In Morocco, for example,
  3. The idea of the wedding ring
  4. The word 'confetti' is derived from the Italian for sweetmeats,
  5. Evil spirits are also literally shut out
  6. It is hardly surprising that
  7. Many of the rites and customs
  8. The journey to the wedding
  9. The wedding pair represent a new field
  10. One of the most common
Wedded Bliss