Finding the Subject:

First find the verb in the sentence and ask a 'who' or 'what' question of the verb. This will find the subject of the sentence.

Examples

1. David works hard.
   Question: Who works hard? Answer: David does. So: The subject of this sentence is David.

2. Beer and wine are my favourite drinks.
   What are my favourite drinks? Beer and wine are So, the subject of this sentence is beer and wine

The Object

Some verbs have an object (always a noun or pronoun). The object is the person or thing affected by the action described in the verb. Objects come in two types, direct and indirect. The direct object refers to a person or thing affected by the action of the verb.

For example:

"He opened the door. "- here the door is the direct object as it is the thing being affected by the verb to open.

The indirect object refers to a person or thing who receives the direct object.

For example:

" I gave him the book." - here him (he) is the indirect object as he is the beneficiary of the action.

The subject and the object are both nouns. The easy way to understand this point in grammar is by remembering that it is the subject that does the verb to the object.

Read the sentence as a whole without stopping, for instance, 'Jimmy threw the ball'. First of all we know that the order will most probably be SVO and the easiest part of speech to recognise is the verb V, because it is the word that describes the action. In this case it is 'Threw'.

Find the subject by asking yourself who threw? In other words does the sentence tell us who was doing the throwing in the sentence and the answer has to be that 'Jimmy' threw, so therefore 'Jimmy' is the subject S.

Find the object by using the answers you already, since you know the verb 'threw' and the subject 'Jimmy'. Now ask yourself if Jimmy threw, then what did he throw? He threw the ball, and so 'ball', is the object in this sentence. So the complete equation or rule will be that the subject S does the verb V to the object O.

Find other parts of speech, for example adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions, in a similar way, but the basic form of a sentence will always be in the Subject Verb and Object. Remember if group of words does not have SVO, it is not a sentence but a phrase.